Objective: To explore the effects of recombinant human interferon alpha-1b on immunity and inflammation status of children with recurrent respiratory tract infection. Methods: 166 children with recurrent respiratory tract infections were selected as subjects,which were randomly divided into the study group and the control group with 83 cases in each group. The control group was treated with the routine therapy while the study group was treated with recombinant human interferon alpha-1b on the basis of the routine treatment. After one course of treatment, the therapeutic effect, levels of immunoglobulin indexes and T lymphocyte population indexes of the two groups were compared. Results: The total effective rate of the study group is 86.75%, which is significantly higher than that of the control group (61.45%). The differences of the data between the two groups have statistical significance (P<0.001, x²=13.841). Before treatment, the differences have no statistical significance in the levels of IgA, IgM and IgG between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the level of IgM in the study group is higher than that in the control group (P=0.092, t=1.332). the levels of IgA and IgG are significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.001, t=93.047; P<0.001, t=8.037). Before treatment, there are no significant differences in the levels of CD₄⁺, CD₃⁺, CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺ between the study group and the control group (P>0.05). After two weeks of treatment, the levels of above indexes in each group have significantly increased, and the levels of three indexes in the study group are significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.001, t=15.515; P<0.001, t=7.346; P<0.001, t=5.462). After 6 months of follow-up research, the recurrence rate of the study group is 50.60%, which is significantly lower than that of the control group (69.88%). There are significant differences between the two groups (P=0.011, t=6.439). The number of attacks in the study group is significantly fewer than that in the control group, and the course of the disease is significantly shorter than that of the control group. The data between the two groups have statistical significance (P<0.001, t=6.386; P<0.001, t=6.306). 17 cases (20.48%) of adverse reactions were found in the study group and 24 cases (28.91%) in the control group. The differences of the data between the two groups have statistical significance (x²=1.587, P=0.208). Conclusion: Recombinant human interferon alpha-1b has superior therapeutic effect on children with recurrent respiratory tract infection. It can effectively control the conditions of children and improve the immune function of the body, and is worthy of clinical application.