Objective：To explain the significance of each item set in the “Research on Digital Characterization Norms for Traditional Identification Features of Fruit-Derived Medicinal Materials”, which has been formed, for variety identification, and to discuss their application in traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）identification. Methods：Based on the “Research on Digital Characterization Norms for Traditional Identification Features of Fruit-Derived Medicinal Materials”, specific varieties of fruit-based medicinal materials were selected as examples for image acquisition under two scenarios: without referring to the above the specifications, and with strict compliance. By comparing and analyzing the feature presentation effect of image acquisition, the intuitive impact of the the specifications on the variety identification of fruit-based medicinal materials was evaluated. Results：After applying the “Research on Digital Characterization Norms for Traditional Identification Features of Fruit-Derived Medicinal Materials”, the feature presentation effect of image acquisition was significantly improved. In variety identification, the identification efficiency of samples processed in accordance with the specifications was enhanced, and the consistency of identification results among different professionals was also notably improved. Conclusion：Standardized image acquisition of fruit-based Chinese medicinal materials can not only improve the efficiency, accuracy, standardization, and systematicity of TCM identification, but also provide data for inspection and scientific research. Additionally, standardized image acquisition establishes a solid foundation for building reliable databases and the development of intelligent identification.

Objective：To study comprehensive taxonomic, morphological, and anatomical studies of fruit-based Chinese medicinal materials, involving the summarization, exemplification, and high-definition imaging characterization of their fundamental shared traits, so as to provide a basis for the identification and classification of these medicinal materials. Methods：By applying modern imaging technologies such as stereomicroscopes, digital imaging technology, optical microscopes, and digital scanning sectioning instruments, the relevant morphological and structural characteristics of 200 variety of fruit-based Chinese medicinal materials（covering 216 original sources）collected from current standards were observed（with reasonable dissection if necessary）, analyzed, induced, summarized, exemplified, and characterized by high-definition imaging characterization. Results and Conclusion：Combining the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, this study exemplified and conducted imaging characterization of the developmental process of fruit-based Chinese medicinal materials, along with the structures of their exocarps, mesocarps, and endocarps. It provided an experimental foundation for the identification, classification, standardized, and intelligent research of fruit-based Chinese medicinal materials. Additionally, this study contributed certain digital data for the Chinese medicinal materials market and intelligent supervision.

Objective：To provide solid data support for the identification of fruit-based Chinese medicinal materials by focusing on the classification, as well as the morphological structural characteristics of fruit-based Chinese medicinal materials, and by summarizing and analyzing specific examples, combined with modern imaging technologies to characterize the key features. Methods：The study drawed upon botany theories and the unique attributes of Chinese medicinal materials, which offer a solid theoretical foundation for the classification and analysis of fruit-based Chinese medicinal materials. A series of cutting-edge imaging techniques, including stereomicroscopes, digital imaging technology, optical microscopes, and digital scanning sectioning instruments, were further used to observe and characterize the type characteristics of 200 varieties of fruit-based Chinese medicinal material varieties (covering 216 original sources) as delineated in current standards. Results：Based on classification of fruit types, through high-precision observation and analysis on the morphological structural characteristics, as well as the internal structures of representative varieties, corresponding high-definition imaging characterization features were generated, providing an intuitive and reliable visual basis for identification work. Conclusion：Through systematic classification of fruit-based Chinese medicinal materials and the application of integrating modern imaging technologies, this study can provide data support for the standardized management of Chinese medicinal materials, establish a foundation for the development of intelligent identification systems, aids in elevating the overall level of the Chinese medicinal materials industry, and promote the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). By conducting in-depth research on the type characteristics and generating digital data of fruit-based Chinese medicinal materials, reliable references can be provided for regulatory authorities, enterprises, clinicians, pharmacists, and ordinary consumers. This, in turn, will significantly reduce the misidentification rate, ensure the authenticity and quality stability of medicinal materials, and thus ensuring the safety and efficacy of public medication at the source.

Objective：To study the inclusion status of fruit-based Chinese medicinal materials in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the Chinese Ministry of Health’s Drug Standards for Chinese medicinal materials, the Quality Standards for 43 Imported Chinese Medicinal Materials Including Catechu, and 40 local Chinese medicinal material standards was studied; A retrieval table for the shape characteristics of a total of 216 primitive and 200 varieties of fruit based Chinese medicinal materials registered in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and local standards for traditional Chinese medicinal materials, was compiled. Methods：The sources, types, and maturity of fruit based Chinese medicinal materials in the current standard were sorted out, statistically analyzed, summarized and expressed in the form of charts. On this basis, a retrieval table for fruit based Chinese medicinal materials was compiled in combination with the results of morphological research results and plant taxonomy. Results：The current standards included a total of 200 varieties of fruit-based medicinal materials, belonging to 216 species across 63 families. If counted by the principle of one source corresponding to one medicinal part, there were a total of 237 fruit-based Chinese medicinal materials. Analyzed by medicinal material varieties, in terms of origin, the larger number of varieties were from the Rosaceae family with 18 varieties, followed by the Rutaceae family with 15 varieties and the Cucurbitaceae family with 13 varieties. There were 35 varieties of medicinal materials with multiple sources, accounting for 17.5%, and 165 varieties with single source, accounting for 82.5%. Analyzed by medicinal material sources, in terms of fruit types, the largest number was of single fruits, with 201 pieces, accounting for 84.81%. According to the statistical analysis of medicinal parts, the proportion of intact fruits was the highest, with 194 pieces, accounting for 81.86%. According to the maturity level of fruits, the proportion of mature fruits was the highest, with 178 pieces, accounting for 75.11%. The compiled retrieval table covered 140 genera from 63 families, with a total of 532 entries. This retrieval table had certain scientific and practical significance. Conclusion：This study provides an experimental basis for the classification and identification of fruit based traditional Chinese medicinal materials, as well as the classification and morphological research of medicinal plants. It also has certain significance for the development, utilization, and protection of natural resources of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, as well as the market and intelligent supervision of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

Objective：To establish the specific identification method of Rubia cordifolia and Rubia magna by the ratio of characteristic peak area through HPLC technology and statistical methods. Methods：HPLC was performed on a Thermo Accucore AQ-C₁₈ column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 2.7 μm) with a gradient mobile phase consisting of 0.1% phosphoric acid in water- acetonitrile. The flow rate was 0.3 mL·min^-1, the detection wavelength was 250 nm, the column temperature was 30 ℃, and the injection volume was 2 µL. Fingerprint chromatogram analysis was performed, the results of the peak area of the common peaks were evaluated by cluster analysis (CA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and the ratio of characteristic peak area was used for evaluation. Results：The common peak area could cluster Rubia cordifolia and Rubia magna into two categories respectively through CA and OPLS-DA. It was found through the ratio of characteristic peak area that the ratio ① of Rubia cordifolia was less than 0.36 and the ratio ② was less than 0.15, while the ratio ① of Rubia magna was more than 0.36 and the ratio ② was more than 0.15. Through the analysis of 20 batches of samples, the identification of the ratio ① and the ratio ② achieved 100%, respectively. Conclusion：The established method is simple, accurate and rapid, and can be used for the authenticity identification of Rubia cordifolia and Rubia magna, effectively improve the safety of Rubia cordifolia in clinical application.

Objective：To systematically study on the tissue types of fruit-based Chinese medicinal materials and list their applications in the microscopic identification of Chinese medicinal materials. Methods：Morphological and anatomical studies were carried out on the fruit-based Chinese medicinal materials in the current standards, and their tissue types were studied, summarized and classified. Examples were selected for illustration, and images were collected in accordance with the “Research on Digital Characterization Norms for Traditional Identification Features of Fruit-Derived Medicinal Materials”. Results：The different characteristics and functions of the cells in the protective tissues, parenchyma tissues, mechanical tissues, conducting tissues and secretory structures of the fruit tissues were compared and their applications in the microscopic identification of Chinese medicinal materials were listed. Conclusion：The study of the tissue types of fruit-based Chinese medicinal materials not only deepens the understanding of their characteristics, but also promotes the development of Chinese medicinal material taxonomy, anatomy and identification. It also provides guidance for the quality and safety of medicinal materials. The application of tissue types in the microscopic identification of Chinese medicinal materials provides objective and quantifiable indicators for quality control, thereby better promoting the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.